As the environmental impact of refrigerants becomes more pressing, significant changes are underway for air conditioning systems in the United States. One of the most notable shifts is the phaseout of R-410A refrigerant, a common choice for many HVAC systems. 

If you’re a homeowner, contractor, or distributor, you’ll need to understand the deadlines and implications of this transition. Here’s a straightforward guide to help you navigate these changes, including the deadline to install R-410A systems.

What’s the timeline for the phaseout?

Let’s take a look at the timeline for the phaseout, in detail:

Manufacture and Import Ban Starting January 1, 2025

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a firm deadline for the manufacture and import of new residential and light commercial air conditioning systems using R-410A. Starting January 1, 2025, no new systems with R-410A can be produced or brought into the country​​. This is part of the EPA’s broader initiative to reduce the environmental impact of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases.

Installation Grace Period Until January 1, 2026

While the manufacture and import of new R-410A systems will cease at the start of 2025, there is a grace period for installation. Systems that were manufactured or imported before the January 2025 deadline can still be installed until January 1, 2026​​. This gives contractors and homeowners a bit more time to transition to newer systems without immediate disruption.

Sales and Distribution Until January 1, 2028

Packaged terminal air conditioners using R-410A that are manufactured before the 2025 cutoff can continue to be sold, distributed, or exported until January 1, 2028. This allows existing inventory to be utilized fully, minimizing waste and providing more time for adaptation​​.

Why the phaseout?

The main reasons for the phaseout include:

Environmental Concerns

The primary driver behind this phaseout is the high global warming potential (GWP) of R-410A. With a GWP of 2,088, R-410A significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which exacerbate global warming​​. The transition to lower-GWP refrigerants like R-454B and R-32 is a crucial step in reducing the environmental footprint of HVAC systems.

Legislative Backing

This change is supported by the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act, which mandates a phasedown of HFCs over 15 years. The AIM Act represents a concerted effort by the U.S. government to align with global environmental standards and reduce HFC emissions by 85% by 2036​​.

What does this mean for homeowners and contractors? 

Let’s see how this change could affect homeowners and contractors.

Planning for the Transition

Homeowners and contractors need to start planning for this transition now. While existing R-410A systems can continue to be used and serviced, the shift to new systems using R-454B or R-32 is inevitable. It’s wise to begin researching and budgeting for these new systems to avoid any last-minute rush or shortages.

Benefits of New Refrigerants

The new refrigerants, R-454B and R-32, offer several advantages over R-410A. They are more energy-efficient and have a significantly lower GWP. R-32, for example, offers improved thermal conductivity and refrigeration capacity, while R-454B provides better heating efficiency and requires less refrigerant compared to R-410A​.

Training and Equipment Updates

For contractors, this transition will also mean updating training and equipment to handle the mildly flammable A2L refrigerants safely. While A2L refrigerants like R-454B and R-32 are classified as mildly flammable, extensive testing has shown that they pose a low risk of ignition compared to other flammable gases​.

What should I do?

You should stay informed and prepare early enough. Make sure to regularly check updates from the EPA and industry bodies like the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) to ensure compliance with the latest regulations.

You should also begin the transition process early. Whether it’s upgrading your home’s HVAC system or ensuring your business is ready for the new refrigerants, early preparation can save time, money, and hassle.

The phaseout of R-410A marks a significant shift in the HVAC industry, driven by the need for more sustainable practices. If they understand and plan for these changes, homeowners and contractors can smoothly transition to the new standards and contribute to a greener future while maintaining comfort and efficiency in their homes and businesses.